Lee Chen
A Little About the Speaker
Mr. Lee Chen's academic background includes a Bachelor of Science in both Psychology and Computer Science. This reflects his interests in the two disciplines and in their combination. He completed his Masters of Science in Computer Science, in August, 1993, studying social and psychological processes in a network environment (i.e., World Wide Web, Internet, LAN, etc.). Lee is currently working on his PhD. in Computer Science at the University of Calgary.
Commentary
- Belief Systems:
Mr. Chen is mainly interested in the issues of collaboration across World Wide Web. The intrinsic human factor issue is that all individuals and groups on the web have different belief systems. The focus of the discussion was on increasing the homogeneity of the belief systems (read here as group knowledge) by making relevant knowledge of change within the system more universally accessible.
To a certain extent there is already some knowledge shared by members of groups on the Web. Mr. Chen listed the following:
- Collective strategy: enables coherence in the cooperative work (part of the Collective Intelligence Model by Smith, 1994).
- A collective Awareness: is present which consists of:
- Collective LTM
- the artifact (group task objective)
- shared intangible knowledge
- With respect to Group's LTM:
- Close, detailed, deep awareness of particular segment of the artifact
- less detailed, peripheral awareness of the artifact's adjacent parts
- thinner, global awareness of the artifact as a whole shared by the entire group
Consciousness:
Mr. Chen described the importance of a collective awareness within a group and its maintenance. The type of awareness discussed focuses on a group or collective consciousness (analogous to an individual's self-awareness if you assume the group a single living organism). The collective awareness is broken down into the following:
- Resource awareness for locating specific knowledge and expertise among members
- Task-socio awareness concering social and political dynamics in relation to task
- Situational, chronological awareness about when and what by whom something in the collective system is changing
The maintenance of this awareness was assumed to be important for the effective collaboration of the group. This maintenance consisted of:
- awareness of changes is essential for group coordination and cohesiveness
- making available the knowledge of what is new and what has been changed.
Mr. Chen discussed a number of awareness maintenance artifacts and gave his evaluation of each. He defined the dimensions of an awareness maintenance artifact as:
- Locus of Responsibility: Server-Side, Client-Side, or Centralized Dispatcher
- Level of "Work Group" hierarchy: Group, Organization, or Community
- Method of Locating Changes: Browsing vs. Targeting
- Complexity of User Interaction: Simplicity vs. Customization
Development:
Emotion:
Interaction:
Interaction is based on activities done in collaboration on the Web. Lee characterizes these interactions with the following constructs:
- Information as Resource
- Communities of Self-Organizing Users
- Awareness as Coordinating Mechanism
- Growing System Complexity
- Evolving boundaries
Mr. Chen characterizes the Web as a Living System as defined by Miller (1979; 1990) & Tracy (1989). This means that the system is made up of critical subsystems that interact with each other as follows:
- They frequently share components
- no subsystem resides totally in a single entity
- Substantial interaction between matter-energy and information systems
- Flow of matter-energy and information
- Deciders regulate the flow processes
He qualifies this further by saying:
- Task-oriented groups -- collectively act as deciders of higher systems
- People are cognitive processors
- Group cognitive processors are distributed systems
- Collective strategy enables coherence in the cooperative work
Language:
Learning:
Learning defined as the change in ones knowledge is implied by the issue of awareness. Change of knowledge of the members of the group, would occur given the availability of current change information. This knowledge could act as a feedback to the group to motivate further changes or to reevaluated current activities.
Memory:
It can be said that Mr. Chen touched on memory in the sense that he focussed on the awareness of the group of the changes made in the system. This deals with the retrieval of knowledge (details of the change made to parts of the system) and the coherent processing of this information to make it useful to the group as a whole.
In this case the memory process is fully dependant on the awareness maintenance artifacts used. This means the dimensions of memory are those mentioned as the dimensions of the awareness maintenance artifacts in the Consciousness section.
Perception:
Perception is also related to the awareness maintenance artifacts. This is the media through which the group may perceive changes in the parts of the system. This could have an effect on how the group would view the state of the system, not to mention the state of their collective project.
Performance:
Performance in this case seems to be measured by two parameters. The first is the cohesiveness of the group's knowlege about the shared domain. And the second is the group's collective progress towards the group objective. Positive performance in these areas is assumed to be directly linked to the awareness maintenance artifact being used.
Skill:
Thought:
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